6 processes of open-pit mining from drilling, blasting to dumping _ operation
Original Title 6 Processes of Open-pit Mining bra tape measure from Perforation Blasting to Dumping The mining technology of open-pit mine is relatively simple mainly including drilling blasting mining loading and transportation and rock dumping Next we will talk about the mining technology of open-pit mines in detail I Perforation work Perforation is the first working procedure of open pit mining In the whole process of open pit mining the cost of perforation accounts for about 10%-15% of the total production cost 1 Down-the-hole drill The down-the-hole drilling machine has the advantages of large drilling angle change range high mechanization degree reduction of auxiliary operation time improvement of the operation rate of the drilling machine flexibility of the down-the-hole drilling machine light equipment weight and low investment cost and particularly can control the ore grade by drilling various inclined holes eliminate toes reduce large blocks and improve the blasting quality Therefore the down-the-hole drill is widely used in small and medium-sized mines at home and abroad which is suitable for medium hard rock drilling 2 Rotary drill Rotary drilling rig is a new type of drilling equipment developed on the basis of rotary drilling rig which has the characteristics of high drilling efficiency low operation cost high degree of mechanization and automation and is suitable for drilling operations of various hardness of ore and rock At present it has become a common drilling equipment used in open-pit mines all over the world 3 Rock drilling jumbo Drill jumbo is a new type of drilling equipment with the development of mining industry One or a plurality of rock drills are arranged on a special drill boom or a rack together with an automatic propeller and a traveling mechanism is arranged so that the operation of the rock drill is mechanized II Blasting work The purpose of blasting work is to break the hard solid ore rock and provide the excavation material mining dth bit with appropriate size for mining and loading work In the total cost of open-pit mining blasting cost accounts for about 15% -20%
The quality of blasting not only directly affects the efficiency of mining transportation coarse crushing and other equipment but also affects the total cost of the mine 1 Shallow hole blasting Expand the full text The diameter of the hole used in shallow hole blasting is small generally about 30-75 mm and the depth of the hole is generally less than 5 meters sometimes up to about 8 meters If the drilling jumbo is used for drilling the depth of the hole can be increased Shallow-hole blasting is mainly used for the excavation of open-pit mines or quarries caverns and tunnels with small production scale secondary blasting the treatment of new open-pit mine hills the formation of hillside open-pit single-wall ditch transportation channels and other special blasting 2 Deep-hole blasting Deep-hole blasting is a blasting method that uses drilling equipment to drill deeper boreholes as the charging space of mining explosives The deep-hole blasting of open-pit mine is mainly the production blasting of bench Drilling equipment for deep-hole blasting mainly includes down-the-hole drill and roller drill It can be used to drill vertical deep holes or inclined blast holes The charging of inclined blast holes is more uniform and the blasting quality of ore and rock is better which creates good conditions for mining and loading work In order to reduce the seismic effect and improve the blasting quality such measures as millisecond blasting in large area interval charging in blastholes or bottom air interval charging can be taken under certain conditions so as to reduce the blasting cost and obtain better economic benefit 3 Chamber blasting Chamber blasting is a blasting method in which more or a large amount of explosives are loaded in the tunnel of the blasting chamber Open-pit mines are used only during the capital construction period and under specific conditions and quarries are used when conditions permit and when the demand for mining is high 4 Multi-row hole millisecond blasting method In recent years with the rapid increase of the excavator bucket capacity and the production capacity of the open-pit mine the normal excavation blasting of the open-pit mine requires more and more blasting quantity each time Therefore large-scale blasting methods such as multi-row-hole millisecond blasting and multi-row-hole millisecond extrusion blasting are widely used in open-pit mining at home and abroad Advantages of multi-row millisecond blasting The one-time blasting quantity is large the blasting times and the blasting avoidance time are reduced and the utilization rate of the stope equipment is improved; The broken quality of ore and rock is improved and the boulder rate is reduced by 40 to 50% compared with that of single-row hole blasting; The efficiency of perforating equipment is increased by about 10% -15% which is due to the increase of working time utilization coefficient and the decrease of the number of operations of perforating equipment and filling area after blasting; Improve the efficiency of mining and transportation equipment by about 10% -15% 5 Multi-row hole differential extrusion blasting method It refers to the multi-row millisecond blasting in the case of residual muckpile in the working face
